Prick each sausage in several places to prevent skins from bursting when browning. In skillet heat remaining ½ tablespoon oil over moderately high heat until hot but not smoking and brown sausages. Transfer sausages to paper towels to drain. Stir celery into soup and put cabbage leaves on top. Simmer soup, covered, 15 minutes.

Lifting cabbage leaves, stir sausages, leeks, turnips, and carrots into soup and simmer, covered, until carrots are tender, about 10 minutes. Soup may be prepared up to this point 1 day ahead. Cool soup, uncovered, and chill, covered. Reheat soup before proceeding with recipe.

Transfer smoked pork to a cutting board and slice.

Arrange cabbage leaves in bottoms of 6 large soup bowls and stir chopped parsley and salt and pepper to taste into soup. Arrange vegetables, smoked pork, and sausages in bowls and ladle desired amount of broth over mixture. Serve with the Dijon mustard and gherkins.